![]() The best example is the number of the instruments’ strings, which gradually increased from the original five to thirteen up to twenty-one in modern times. The Guzheng has undergone significant revisions throughout those years, and some were due to the cultural interactions among the other Asian nations. A number of the first variants were made of bamboo frames and silk strings. In Puerto Rico, musicians incorporated hip hop and the island’s folk genres of bomba and plena.The 2,000-year-old Guzheng is commonly referred to by the Chinese as a Zheng. HISTORICAL ROOTS: Jamaican reggae and dancehall recordings. The lyrics are often about erotic love, inspiring a sensual dance move known as perreo. WHAT DEFINES THE SOUND: A loud, driving drum-machine track featuring the dembow rhythm, a syncopated beat pattern repeated in almost every song. He died in a plane crash in Colombia in 1935, but his music continues to be played by legions of fans throughout the Americas. ![]() Gardel also starred in dozens of movies he produced under a distribution deal with Paramount Pictures. ![]() His composition "El Día Que Me Quieras” is considered a masterpiece and has had multiple versions worldwide. Gardel would go on to record hundreds of tangos and become the genre’s biggest star. That same year, Gilberto released his own debut album, Chega de Saudade, and immediately became part of a new cultural movement, with the two composers.Ī major change was introduced when singer Carlos Gardel recorded the first song composed to be performed as a tango, “Mi Noche Triste,” about doomed love. Bossa Nova (loosely translated as “new trend”) first appeared in the 1959 album by Brazilian singer Elizete Cardoso, Canção do Amor Demais, in which Gilberto played guitar on two tracks composed by de Moraes and Jobim. Vocalist João Gilberto began experimenting with jazz sounds with his guitar in the late 1950s, a period of cultural effervescence. KEY ORIGINATING ARTISTS: João Gilberto, Vinicius de Moraes, Antônio Carlos Jobimīossa Nova emerged as a calmer, softer form of the danceable samba, popular during Brazil’s annual Lenten carnival. HISTORICAL ROOTS: Its origins are in samba, a style that developed in the Afro-Brazilian communities of Rio de Janeiro in the early 20 th century. WHAT DEFINES THE SOUND: A smooth, jazzy style combining classical guitar with soft, understated vocals. Jazz saxophonist Stan Getz, guitarist Antonio Carlos Jobim and singer Astrud Gilberto perform onstage at the Cafe Au Go Go in New York, New York, circa 1964. By the 1950s, Ranchera was the nation’s most popular music genre. ![]() In the 1930s, Mexico’s government promoted ranchera and encouraged the production of so-called comedias rancheras, musical films featuring radio stars like Jorge Negrete and Pedro Infante. As the country grew and progressed, rural Mexicans moved to the big cities, bringing their music along. The popularity of the canción ranchera is tied to the sense of national pride that followed the Mexican Revolution (1910-1917). KEY ORIGINATING ARTISTS: José Alfredo Jiménez, Felipe Valdés Leal, Vicente Fernández HISTORICAL ROOTS: European waltz and polka, as well as Cuban bolero Lyrics skew deep and passionate, evoking love for country and honor. WHAT DEFINES THE SOUND: Traditionally played by a mariachi ensemble that relies heavily on stringed instruments like the vihuela and deep-bodied guitarrón. 'El Idolo de Mexico,' performs live at the Portland Rose Garden, 2007. The undisputed king of Mexico's traditional ranchera music, Vicente Fernandez, a.k.a. Originally played with string instruments, it transformed with the introduction of the button accordion, brought by German traders near the end of the century. Merengue music and dance became popular in the Dominican Republic during the Haitian occupation of Santo Domingo (1822-1844), but Dominican musicians increased its tempo to disassociate it from Haiti. KEY ORIGINATING ARTISTS: Francisco “Ñico” Lora, Luis Alberti HISTORICAL ROOTS: Spanish ballroom dance merged with African and Indigenous Taíno instruments. WHAT DEFINES THE SOUND: A repeating five-beat rhythmic pattern called a quintillo played by three key instruments: a diatonic accordion, a two-headed hand drum called tambora and a metal scraper called charrasca or güira. READ MORE: Hispanic History Milestones: Timeline MERENGUE Many of the genre’s top musicians were signed to a label co-founded by Dominican bandleader Johnny Pacheco, and performed internationally as the Fania All Stars. The term “salsa” (sauce) was coined in the 1960s. ![]()
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